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Inductive reasoning
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Inductive reasoning is the complement of deductive reasoning. For other article subjects named induction, see Induction.
Induction or inductive reasoning, sometimes called inductive logic, is the process of reasoning in which the premises of an argument are believed to support the conclusion but do not ensure it. It is used to ascribe properties or relations to types based on tokens (i.e., on one or a small number of observations or experiences); or to formulate laws based on limited observations of recurring phenomenal patterns. Induction is used, for example, in using specific propositions such as:
This ice is cold.
A billiard ball moves when struck with a cue.
...to infer general propositions such as:
All ice is cold.
All billiard balls struck with a cue move.
Inductive reasoning has been attacked several times. Historically, David Hume denied its logical admissibility. During the 20th century, most notably Karl Popper and David Miller have disputed the existence, necessity and validity of any inductive reasoning, even of probabilistic (bayesian) one
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