ÀÛ¼ºÀÏ : 17-06-19 17:05
[Inter] Begging by Nestlings ¸®µùÁ¤¸®
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<Begging by Nestlings>
impose a on b a¸¦ b¿¡ ºÎ°úÇÏ´Ù a±æ¸é µÚ·Î !
give A B >¡¡(¹Þ´Â ÀÌ )A ¿¡°Ô B ÁÖ´Ù
give A to B > A¸¦ (¹Þ´ÂÀÌ )B¿¡°Ô ÁÖ´Ù
Impose A on B
>B ¿¡°Ô A¸¦ ÁÖ´Ù £¾>¡¡A >¡¡B
damaging : Ä¡¸íÀûÀÎ
cheeps and peeps :¡¡Â±Â±°Å¸®´Ù
give A away to B :¡¡A¸¦ B ¿¡°Ô ÁÖ´Ù
defenseless :¡¡¹«¹æºñÇÑ
in fact > µÚ¿¡
swallow :¡¡Á¦ºñ
artificial :¡¡ÀΰøÀûÀÎ
be taken :¡¡°¡Á®°¡Áø
trial :¡¡½Ãµµ
>in a nearby quiet nest in 29 of 37 trials.
29 /37 >¡¡£³£·¹ø ÀÇ ½Ãµµ¿¡¼ 29 ÀÇ°á°ú
In that > °á±¹ ¾Æ´Ï¾ß > ¡¡Áö½ÃÇü¿ë»ç
#1 ±¸°É >¡¡Æ÷½ÄÀÚ¿¡°Ô À§Çù À» ¾ß±âÇÏ´Â ¿ä¼Ò
cost > ´ë°¡
nest : µÕÁö¸¦ Ʋ´Ù
versus :¡¡£ö£ó
safety : ¾ÈÀüÇÑ Àå¼Ò
the young : »õ³¢
higher frequencies : ³ôÀº ÁÖÆļö
than >higher ºñ±³ Á¶½É
<as far>
comet is kind.
DT is kind
> DT is not as kind
DT is not as kind as COMET
DT is not as kind as COMET >¡¡DT ´Â COMET ¸¸Å ÂøÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù
so many better conceal : °¡¸±Áöµµ ¸ð¸¥´Ù !!
> Æ÷½ÄÀÚ¿¡°Ô ¼ûÀ¸·Á¸é >¡¡³ôÀº ÁÖÆļö >
place A on b
= put
A¸¦ B ¿¡ ³õ´Ù
besides > °Ô´Ù°¡
beside > ¿·¿¡
¿¬±¸ > °á°ú Áß½ÉÀ» µÖ @@
advertised :¡¡±¤°íµÈ, ³ëÃâµÈ
- low frequency
bitten :¡¡bite - bit - bitten :¡¡±ú¹°¾îÁø
find O O.C : O¸¦ O.C ÀÎ »óÅ·Π¹ß°ßÇÏ´Ù.
associated with :¡¡¢¦¿Í ¿¬°üµÈ
associate A with B : A ¿Í B¸¦ ¿¬°üÁþ´Ù
#2 ³ª¹« vs ¶¥
<½ÇÇè> ³ª¹«°¡ ´õ À§ÇèÇØ > why?¡¡low frequency °¡ ´õ ¸Ö¸®°¡°Åµç > Æ÷½ÄÀÚ¿¡°Ô ´õ ³ëÃâµÊ!
yields :»ý»êÇÏ´Ù
nest predation :¡¡µÕÁö Æ÷½Ä
victimized :¡¡Èñ»ýµÇ´Ù
¾ÈÀüÇÑ Àå¼Ò> ¾ÈÀüÇÏ´Ù ¶û ´Ù¸£´Ù
favor :¡¡¼±È£ÇÏ´Ù¡¡; »ì°Ô ÇÏ´Ù
Evolution adaptation favors those preys that outrun their predator.
outrun :¡¡¼Óµµ·Î ´É°¡ÇÏ´Ù
#3 ÁøÈ > ³ôÀº ¼Ò¸® ³»¶ó > °¨ÁöÇϱ⠾î·Á¿ö
Given :¢¦À» °í·ÁÇϸé : if
make O O.C :¡¡OÀ» O.C »óÅ·Π¸¸µé´Ù
to+v
thatÀý
to beg for food :¡¡°¡¸ñÀû¾îÀÇ Áø¸ñ
derive A form B > A¸¦ B ·ÎºÎÅÍ ¾ò´Ù > gain
A - benefit
B - communications
worthwhile :¡¡°¡Ä¡ ÀÖ°Ô
(to be fed) £º¸Ô¾îÁö´Â°Ô
adjust :¡¡Á¶ÀýÇÏ´Ù
nestmates :¡¡µÕÁö Ä£±¸µé
deprived £º¡¡»©¾Ñ±ä , ¸ø¸ÔÀº > ±¾±ä³ðµé
than usual :¡¡Æò»ó½Ãº¸´Ù
so do ÁÖ¾î > ÁÖ¾î ¶ÇÇÑ ±×·¸´Ù
#4 ¼Ò¸®ÀÇ °µµ >¡¡¹è°íÇÄ¿¡ ºñ·ÊÇÑ´Ù.
direct :¡¡¹æÇâ Àâ´Ù
vigorous :¡¡°·ÂÇÑ
capable of :¡¡¢¦ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â
make decisions £º¡¡°áÁ¤ÇÏ´Ù
on the basis of £º¡¡~À» ±â¹ÝÀ¸·Î ÇÏ¿©
out of £º¡¡from
half (of)¡¡the set £º¡¡»õ³¢ÀÇ Àý¹Ý
starving¡¡:¡¡±¾ÁÖ¸°
#5 Å« ¿ïÀ½¼Ò¸®¸¦ ±â¹ÝÀ¸·Î ºÎ¸ð°¡ ¸ÔÀ̸¦ ÁØ´Ù
make judgment £ºÆÇ´ÜÇÏ´Ù
feed
which :¡¡¾î¶² »õ³¢,,
benefit from :¡¡¢¦·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀÌÀÍÀ» ¾ò´Ù
benefit :¡¡ÀÌÀÍÀ» ÁÖ´Ù
arise :¡¡Á¦±âµÇ´Ù
all that£º¡¡±×¸¸Å @ °Á¶ **
By doing so :~ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á - Å©°Ô ¿ïÁö ¾ÊÀ½À¸·Î½á
secure :¡¡È®º¸ÇÏ´Ù secure food£º¡¡À½½ÄÀ» È®º¸ÇÏ´Ù
either (of which) >¡¡¾Õ¿¡ ³ª¿À´Â ¼ºÀå°ú , Å« »çÀÌÁî
**lie :¡¡º»Áú, Ư¡ÀÌ ¾îµò°¡¿¡ ³õ¿©ÀÖ´Ù **
not A but B
damage :¡¡ÇÇÇØ
cheater £º¡¡»ç±â²Û
*would do
>¡¡do damage to £¾~¿¡°Ô ÇÇÇظ¦ ÀÔÈ÷´Ù.
rather : ¿ÀÈ÷·Á
share : °øÀ¯ÇÏ´Ù.
in effect £º¡¡»ç½Ç»ó
at the expense of :¢¦ÀÇ ´ë°¡·Î
# 6 Á¾Á·¹ø½ÄÀ» À§ÇØ ¹è°íÇÁÁö¾Ê¾Æµµ ¿î´Ù.
cheater :¡¡¹è°íÇÁÁö ¾ÊÀº ¾Öµé
±ÛÀÚ¼ö: 1398ÀÚ
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